Fun explore of Nucleic Acid in Biochemistry

DNA REPLICATION DNA Structure DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a type of molecule known as a nucleic acid. It consists of a 5-carbon deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. Double-stranded DNA consists of two spiral nucleic acid chains that are twisted into a double helix shape. This twisting allows DNA to be more compact. In order to fit within the nucleus, DNA is packed into tightly coiled structures called chromatin . Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Prior to DNA replication, the chromatin loosens giving cell replication machinery access to the DNA strands. Replication of DNA When a cell divides, each daughter cell must receive its full complement of genetic material in the form of chromosomes containing DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. A chromosome is made up of two long strands of DNA and several types of proteins . A DNA strand is composed of a long backbone of sugar and phosphate units . One of our different nucleotid...

DNA TRANSCTION Transcription is mechanism by which a template strand of DNA is utilized by specific RNA polymerase to generate one of four distinct classification of RNA. These four RNA classes are 1.        Messenger RNA(mRNA) - This class of RNA is the genetic coding templates uses by the translational machinery to determine the order of amino acids incorporated into an elongating polypeptide in the process of translation. 2.        Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) - This class of small RNA form covalent attachments to individual amino acids and recognize the encoded sequences of the the mRNAs to allow correct insertion of amino acid into elongating polypeptide chain 3.        Ribosomal RNAs(rRNAs) - This class of RNA is assembled,together with numerous ribosomal proteins to form the ribosomes 4.        Small RNAs: this class of RNA includes the small nuclear RNA...