Fun explore of Nucleic Acid in Biochemistry

Nucleic acid is defined as macromolecules made up of units called nucleotides, that come into naturally occuring varieties: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Nucleic acid is a biopolymers that composed of monomers units: a base (purine or pyrimidine) a monosaccharide (ribose/deoxyribose) phosphoric acid

NUCLEIC ACIDS       PYRIMIDINES AND PURINES BASE Pyrimidines Thymine and Cytosine  are the smallest of the 4 bases. With only 1 ring in their structure. Point to Remember! *** In RNA, Thymine is replaced by Uracil *** Purines Adenosine and Guanine are the biggest of the 4 bases. Their structure contains a pyrimidine ring + a smaller 5 sided ring. Therefore making a 2 ringed structure. ·        NUCLEOSIDE    A  nucleoside  consists of a nitrogenous  base covalently attached to a sugar by glycosidic bond (ribose or deoxyribose) but without the phosphate group.   Nucleoside = Sugar + Base NAME OF NUCLEOSIDES ·         NUCLEOTIDE   A  nucleotide  consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and one to three phosphate groups.   Nucleotide = Sugar + Base + Phosphat...

DNA REPLICATION DNA Structure DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a type of molecule known as a nucleic acid. It consists of a 5-carbon deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. Double-stranded DNA consists of two spiral nucleic acid chains that are twisted into a double helix shape. This twisting allows DNA to be more compact. In order to fit within the nucleus, DNA is packed into tightly coiled structures called chromatin . Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Prior to DNA replication, the chromatin loosens giving cell replication machinery access to the DNA strands. Replication of DNA When a cell divides, each daughter cell must receive its full complement of genetic material in the form of chromosomes containing DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. A chromosome is made up of two long strands of DNA and several types of proteins . A DNA strand is composed of a long backbone of sugar and phosphate units . One of our different nucleotid...

DNA TRANSCTION Transcription is mechanism by which a template strand of DNA is utilized by specific RNA polymerase to generate one of four distinct classification of RNA. These four RNA classes are 1.        Messenger RNA(mRNA) - This class of RNA is the genetic coding templates uses by the translational machinery to determine the order of amino acids incorporated into an elongating polypeptide in the process of translation. 2.        Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) - This class of small RNA form covalent attachments to individual amino acids and recognize the encoded sequences of the the mRNAs to allow correct insertion of amino acid into elongating polypeptide chain 3.        Ribosomal RNAs(rRNAs) - This class of RNA is assembled,together with numerous ribosomal proteins to form the ribosomes 4.        Small RNAs: this class of RNA includes the small nuclear RNA...

DNA TRANSLATION DNA TRANSLATION